Glossary

Gold leaf that is composed of 51% Gold, 48% Silver and 1.0% Palladium. Often used for gilding decorative picture frames. The high silver content gives the leaf its "white gold" appearance.

Gold leaf that is composed of 91.8% Gold, 7.2% Silver and 1.0% Copper. Often used for gilding decorative picture frames.

Gold leaf that is composed of 92% Gold, 3.5% Silver and 4.5% Palladium.

Gold leaf that is composed of 95.8% Gold, 3.5% Silver, 0.7% Copper.

Gold leaf that is 99.9% gold.

Damage resulting in a loss to the surface caused by friction such as rubbing or scraping.

This occurs when artwork is matted and framed using materials that are not conservation quality (acid-free). Acid burn presents as a yellow or brown discoloration on the sheet.

The movement of acid from an acidic material to material of lesser pH or no acidity, either from direct contact or through exposure to acidic vapors in the surrounding environment.

A state in which the pH is less than pH7. Pure cellulose is initially slightly acidic, but on exposure to light, oxygen, pollutant gasses, and acidic materials in its environment, its pH can decrease, thus increasing in acidity, resulting in degradation of the sheet.

Often known as the brand name "Plexiglas" , it is a clear plastic glazing used for oversized artwork , or for artwork that is shipped, or often handled, when glass is not an option.

The application of an optically clear adhesive directly to the face of a print and adhering it to a sheet of acrylic. The print is then backed with a rigid substrate such as dibond. A cleat is installed on the back for hanging, which then creates a frameless floating appearance of the(...)

A mixture of calcium carbonate, white pigment and an acrylic binder. Coating a canvas with this substance prior to painting with acrylics will improve the longevity of the artwork and canvas support.

A trademark name for clear acrylic glazing.

A synthetic, or organic agent used to join two materials.

A tool used burnish gold leaf in the final stage of water gilding to create a bright reflective finish.

The process of either application of altering a metal amalgam on glass to create an antique like reflection, or application of a metal amalgam on a specialty glass to create a artisanal reflection.

A photographic print ppopular in the 2nd half of the 19th centruy that involved coating a sheet of paper paper with albumen (egg white) and then silver nitrate. Unlike daguerreotypes, ambrotypes and tin types, these prints involved using a negative, so that multiple prints could be produced(...)

Having a pH greater than 7.

Typically an 1/8" extra space in the widths and lengths of a frame to ensure that all of the housed components (the artwork, matting, mounting boards, backing and glazing) will properly fit. The additional space accommodates the potential expansion and contraction of hygroscopic materials as(...)

Preferred for it's durability, light weight and economical attributes, aluminum frames are frequently purchased as sectional frames, in custom lengths, and can also be welded and custom finished.

Developed in the early 1850s, it is an early form of photography that produced a negative image on a coated piece of glass. The glass was then backed with a dark coating or background to create the positive image. The images are often housed in a small decorative case. Ambrotypes were less(...)

A French furniture maker that lived from 1642-1732. He was known for his elaborate designs that featured scrolling inlaid designs in brass, tortoise shell and exotic wood.

Complete depletion of oxygen.

Popular motif used in the last 18th and early 19th century, it has the stylized appearance of a palm frond. Also referred as a palmette.

(AR) Significantly reduces reflection through use of an optical coating or surface treatment, without losing clarity.

An item that is over 100 years old.

The process of adding or imitating the appearance of age to a finish.

Water based

An ornamental design composed of intertwined scrolling foliage.

A Chicago firm that was founded in the early 1940s by Armand Lee that specializes in custom carved, finished and gilded frames, artisanal mirrors, archival framing and services related to support the museum, interior design and interior architecture industries.

The high point between two grooves in a fluted design.

The process of either application of altering a metal amalgam on glass to create an antique like reflection, or application of a metal amalgam on a specialty glass to create a artisanal reflection.

A movement in fine and decorative arts between 1880-1920 that focused on the value of handcraftsmanship in response to the mechanization of items resulting from the industrial revolution.

Small moulding used on glass or between glass panels on furniture.

The board that covers and protects the back of the text block.

A protective rigid backing that is placed behind the mountboard in a frame. Materials used can vary depending on the time period and quality of the framing. Oftentimes it is cardboard, foam core, coroplast, dibond, etc.

A final cover on the back of a frame, which is most often a paper dustcover.

Composed of alphacellulose face paper, core and backing, with zeolites and added buffers, the board is acid-free and lignin free, fade and bleed resistant. Available in over 400 shades and surface treatments with sheet size up to 40" x 60" in select shades. This is a popular option for(...)

Composed of 100% cotton fiber ragboard used for archival supports and matting. Fade and bleed resistant. Naturally acid-free and lignin free. Available in 24 shades with sheet sizes up to 48" x 96" in white.

A decorative inlaid veneer boarder or edge on a piece of furniture.

Late 19th century profile with cast ornamentation of running acanthus and floral motif, with incised cross hatch design on the rail. Often used by American and French painters of the Barbizon school.

French for "low relief", it is a type of carving where the rendered design or elements stand out from a flat surface.

A design popular in Dutch frames and cabinetwork that has an appearance of stylized woven reeds.

A wax resist dying technique used to create patterns and imagery in textiles.

Traditional ornamental design that is a combination of round beads, with a disk shaped flanking and elongated bead.

Traditional ornamental design of repeating round spheres. Also called pearls.

A reversible thermoplastic adhesive that is widely usded in a variety of conservation treatments.

An edge that has been cut at a slant to create more visual interest, often seen on mirrors, openings in mats, and frames.

100% cotton rag, acid free paper that is often used for printmaking and drawing. Each sheet is watermarked, "Arches France" and has two natural deckled edges and two tear deckled edges.

An area of finish which has developed an unintended a white or milky appearance usually form the result of exposure to moisture or elevated levels of humidity.

A raised area, bulge or bubble on the surface of an object that occurs between adjacent layers of different materials. This loss of adhesion may be due from exposure to excessive heat or incompatibility to materials.

An area of finish which has developed an unintended a white or milky appearance usually form the result of exposure to moisture or elevated levels of humidity.

Colored clay layer mixed with glue size. The tonality of bole can vary depending on the time period and region of the fabrication of the frame.

The fold or joint in the endpaper between the pastedown and the fly leaf

A mat where the window mat is hinged along the longest side to the ragboard mount, thus resembling a book.

Often observed in works on paper with acid burn or high levels of acidity, which are weak, inflexible and easily broken.

Convex glass is curved outward and is usually oval in shape. It was commonly used in the late 19th century in framing of photographic portraits. It is also prominent as a support for reverse painted glass.

A small pad made of felt or rubber that is placed on the back of the lower corner of frames. It prevents the frame from sliding on the wall, and also creates a small gap from the wall, for air circulation.

A polished, area of increased sheen resulting from intentional or accidental exposure to contact and/or friction.

Popular in the 1870s into the turn of the 20th century, it is a small albumen print that was mounted to cardstock typically measured 4 1/2" x 6 1/2"

Used as a filler in alkaline paper-making, as coating pigment and as a buffering agent. Often an ingredient in gesso.

Popular in the late 17th to mid 18th century this profile had an acanthus leaf at the site edge of the frame.

Popular in the 1860s and the same size as a calling card, it is a small albumen print that was mounted to cardstock.

Ornamental scrollwork that appears at corners and centers of ornate frames

A traditional aqueous, milk based paint.

Italian for "small frame", characterized by a central flat panel or frieze with a raised moulding adorning the outer edge and sight edge.

Thick lines present in laid paper created by the thin wires present in the paper mould/screen.

(1863-1948) Canadian-American Post-Impressionist artist who also designed and fabricated frames. The younger brother of the artist, Maurice Prendergast.

A photographic process that reproduces film images on photographic paper using multiple layers of dyes in a polyester base.

An archival box that stores documents, artwork, maps, books, etc. Frequently custom made to safely store fragile books. Boxes can be customized with a variety of materials including bookcloth, marbled paper, leather eterior, tooling, etc. Used in private collections, museums and libraries.

Glass that is treated with a metal amalgam that results a clear image.

A hanging system comprised of a wood or metal moulding used in pairs, where one half is mounted directly to the wall, and the matching half is affixed to the frame.

Generally refers to a "frameless" picture frame, wherein the image is pressed between two sheets of glass or one sheet of glass and a rigid backing with a series of clips. This system leaves the edges of a work and if applicable, matting; exposed and vulnerable to exposure to moisture and(...)

A frame where the ornamentation and finish is applied after the frame has been joined. Resulting in a frame where the miters are not visible at the corners.

A hanging metal wire that is covered in a clear or opaque plastic coating. Coating provides additional strength, helps prevent oxidation of the metal in the wire, and protects it from fraying.

A substance such as wax or varnish that is applied to the surface to change or protect it.

Small moulding that is often used as a design element along the edges of drawers.

A textured with a heavy tooth used a support for watercolor and archival printing.

An abbreviation for "composition ornamentation", a method of applying cast designs to adorn frames, prior to the finish process gilding. An alternative to hand carved elements.

The treatment or action to prolong the existence of an object with the least possible intervention

Acrylic, a clear shatter resistant glazing that blocks up to 99% UV rays.

Clear glass that blocks up 99% UV rays.

Stabilization of a surface through application of reversible adhesives.

Glass that is curved outward and is usually oval in shape. It was commonly used in the late 19th century in framing of photographic portraits. It is also prominent as a support for reverse painted glass.

Leaf that is 99.9% copper. It can be sealed to avoid tarnishing, or intentionally patinated to create the desired effect.

A decorative element applied on the corner of a frame. Often used on gilded, reeded profiles.

A plastic version of cardboard that is waterproof and light weight often used for backing board.

A concave scoop present on a profile.

Heavier paper or board that attaches to the text block.

A fold or an interruption in the planar surface that does not break through the support.

Composed of alphacellulose face paper, core and backing, the board is acid-free and lignin free, fade and bleed resistant. Available in over 400 shades and surface treatments with sheet size up to 40" x 60" in select shades. This is a popular option for creative designs with an acid free(...)

Composed of 100% cotton fiber ragboard used for archival supports and matting. Fade and bleed resistant. Naturally acid-free and lignin free. Available in 37 shades with sheet size up to 48" x 60" in white.

Series of interesting lines used as a design element which are typically incised in gesso and then finished.

Hanging hardware with D-shaped metal ring attached to a flat metal strip that is screwed into the wood of the back of the frame.

Developed in 1839, this was the first photographic medium that was available to the public. The image is produced on a light sensitive silver plated sheet of copper. Images are often housed in a small decorative case.

The rough, unfinished edge of a sheet of a sheet of paper. Often watercolor and printmaking papers have deckled-edges.

An overall repetitious pattern or design composed of clearly defined geometrical elements.

The brand name of a rigid sheeting coated on both sides with aluminum, surrounding a polyethylene core. Commonly used in mounting artwork or photographs when additional rigidity is required for a support.

A document created by collectors, collection managers and museums to identify risk exposures and strategize on recovery efforts, to prevent damage to collections and artifacts.

A change in the original color or tonality of a piece.

Designer of the original metal sectional frame in 1968.

Traditionally made of dark wood, ebonized materials with ripple or basketweave moulding. Dutch frames are prized for their craftsmanship, elaborate yet understated beauty.

Imitation gold leaf, composed of varying concentrations of copper and zinc.

A stem profile that has a slightly rounded face.

Derived from Charles Eastlake designs, floral and linear designs that are incised in lacquered surfaces.

A surface that has been darkened or stained black to emulate ebony.

Dissolution, outward migration and precipitation of salts from within a material. Salts are typically visible on a surface as small crystals, white powdery or crusty deposits.

A repetitive design often used in neoclassical ornamentation that involved and egg shape alternating with a dart shape. Most commonly seen at the top of an ionic style capital on a pillar.

A transparent enclosure of polyester film that is sealed along the edges via ultrasonic weld, heat or adhesive.

Leaves of thick paper used to cover the inside of the cover board and support the hing. The outer leaf is the pastedown, the turning page is the fly leaf.

(1720-1794) 18th century French frame maker

The application of an optically clear adhesive directly to the face of a print and adhering it to a sheet of acrylic. The print is then backed with a rigid substrate such as dibond. A cleat is installed on the back for hanging, which then creates a frameless floating appearance of the(...)

Localized or overall shifts in a pigmented surface that has occurred as a result of exposure to UV light.

A painting technique that emulates another surface or material.

Time period in American design usually classified between 1790-1830.

The metal or plastic cover that aligns and secures the adhered hairs together on the handle of a paintbrush.

An ornamental garland of fruit, foliage and flowers.

A narrow, decorative lengths of molding that can be installed along the site edge of a frame or liner, or along the edge of a mat opening.

The color, leaf or coating that is applied to a frame.

A frame where the ornamentation and finish is applied after the frame has been joined, resulting in a frame where the miters are not visible at the corners.

A slender unadorned frame profile that has a flat narrow face. Also often referred to as a gallery frame or profile.

A style of frame for a gallery wrapped canvas print or original painting. The stretched painting is mounted to the L shaped profile from the back instead of engaged in the front like a standard frame. This allows for the painting to be set within the frame, with the edges revealed, for a(...)

A mounting technique where the edges of the artwork are left uncovered by a mat board. With this application the artwork appears to be floating on the mount within the frame or mat window.

(1871-1944) An American modernist painter, poet, set and costume designer who also designed frames for her artwork.

A series of parallel incised lines that run perpendicular to the length of the rail. Often used to adorn a cove. In architecture it is a common vertical design element on columns.

The turning page of the end paper.

A painted finish application of small specks of dark paint applied to imitate fly excretions on a surface to emulate an aged surface.

A light weight polystyrene board clad with clayloaded paper, or acid-free paper often used for backing boards in frames.

A series of leaves or leaf like ornamentation

The bottom of the page.

The front edge of the text block.

Reddish brown spots associated with mold growth or oxidation from small metallic components. The spots can vary in size and can be discrete or diffuse within the support.

Frame shop in Chicago that served the artist industry from 1984 to 2009.

A fine dust or support material left behind from a feeding insect. Often is referred to having the appearance of sawdust.

Founded in 1965 by Frederick Baker and Erich Klein, the studio fabricated handmade frames on their premises located at 1230 West Jackson until they closed in 2018.

Often incised in gesso, a continuous pattern of bands along a flat panel.

The board that covers and protects the front of the text block.

A slender unadorned frame profile that has a flat narrow face. Also often referred to as a flat stem frame or profile.

A style of wrapping a canvas onto a stretcher where the staples or tacks on placed on the back of the stretcher to create a clean appearance on the sides.

A moisture resistant laminated board with a dense foam core.

A traditional support composed of calcium carbonate, hide glue and water. Often built up over several layers prior to the additional of a clay bole and gold leaf.

The process of applying gold leaf to a surface.

Covered by gold or a gold finish.

A protective transparent material used in framing, such as glass, polycarbonate and acrylic sheeting.

Available in a variety of karats ranging from 18k-24k. The addition of other metal alloys, such as copper, palladium, and silver affects the karat and tonality of the leaf. Traditionally old leaf is applied in thin sheets onto a solid surface to create the appearance of solid gold.

Physical damage to a support or media that appears as a small sharp impression, that is often resultant from a sudden impact from a sharp or crisp edge.

(1648-1721) English sculptor and master carver who is known for his exquisitely detailed floral garlands and still lifes carved from lime wood.

An architectural and frame design that involves a repetitive pattern of interlaced circular bands.

Small creases that appear in paper supports that are often crescent shaped that have usually resulted from improper handling.

The top of the book.

The top edge of the spine.

American frame design, popular in the 2nd quarter of the 19th century, commonly characterized with the presence of a flat profile and corner blocks.

A piece of Japanese paper used to attach a paper artifact to a mount in such a way that a portion of the hinge is adhered to the back edge of the artifact, while the remaining portion of the hinge is adhered to the surface of the mount. Typically used with wheat paste or a methyl cellulose(...)

A paper that is extremely smooth with very little surface texture. Often used as a support for watercolor paintings, as well as archival digital printing.

Controlled application of moisture to relax distortion within works on paper.

The state of a material to absorb and retain moisture, generally in relation to humidity.

A foreign material included within a paper support or other support layer, generally added inadvertently during the time of manufacture or original preparation.

A condition existing in something as a permanent or characteristic attribute.

The tendency in an object to deteriorate because of the fundamental instability of the components of which it is made of.

Pieces of wood, metal, stone, mother-of-pearl, ivory, bone, etc that are set into a surface of a piece to create a decorative pattern. Usually all at the same level.

A conservation technique in which areas of loss in the media are meticulously compensated so that there is no overlap of the compensation and the adjacent original paint layer. Inpainting is reversible and undertaken in a different medium than the original.

The stylized rendition or an influence of a classic element into a new concept or design.

A rounded corner lacquer frame with a sculptural, contrasting gilded ornament at each corner.

An Asian inspired frame design featuring rounded, "m" shaped corners. Uniquely peaking in the middle of the apex at the joint.

Long fibered Asian paper that is strong and durable, used for archival hinging and conservation treatments.

Thin lines present in laid paper created by the thin wires present in the paper mould/screen.

A paper that has an overall watermark of a grid pattern of intersecting wire marks from the screen on which the paper was made. This was the predominant paper used until the early 19th century.

A decorative pattern often adorning the sight edge or exterior edge of a profile that involves a tapered tongue shaped design.

A Chicago firm that is a full service fine-art digital house offering services ranging from film scanning, fine art printing, mounting and face mounting to acrylic. They provide services to clients, artists, galleries, frame shops, museums and corporate clientele.

Lines created with the overlap of sheets of gold leaf on a surface. Often used as a design element.

Ornamental relief design depicting laurel leaves and berries, sometimes accompanied with decorative straps.

Two design elements that create an alternating pattern that commonly adorn the site edge, or outer edge of a profile.

The individual bound sheets or pages within a textblock.

Frame moulding that is mass produced and finished in lengths. It is then cut down to the desired size and then joined. The mitres are visible at all corners. The majority of custom frame shops fabricate their frames in this manner.

Fade-resistant to UV rays present in sunlight. Refers to the pigments and dyes present in artist's materials, paper, matboards and fabric.

An organic substance found in plant and wood matter. Considered impure matter in paper pulp. Causes discoloration over time when contained in paper supports and mat board.

A frame molding used within the outer molding/frame. The liner may be covered with fabric, gilded or painted. The liner serves the same purpose as a mat: to enhance the artwork, as well as provide a visual space between the art and the frame.

The inner edge of the picture frame rabbet, under the face of the frame. The lip conceals the rabbet and provides an extension that keeps the artwork from simply falling through the front of the frame.

The natural edge of the wood that is incorporated in the furniture design.

A trademark name for clear acrylic glazing.

The addition of shaped pieces of veneer to create a decorative image, pattern or design.

A localized stain and degradation of the support, usually on paper, caused by contact with an acidic mat board.

Popular in the mid-19th century, it is the practice of a burnished silver leaf with a pigmented varnish to have the appearance of gold leaf.

A thin, transparent film made from polymers, also called "polyester film". Mylar picture corners are often used in conservation/archival picture framing because they cannot be easily seen, and do not require permanently affixing the artwork to a backing.

Imitation gold leaf, composed of varying concentrations of copper and zinc.

Originally designed in the late 1960's to create an affordable framing option of exhibition display. Made of varying finished extruded aluminum, can be cut in custom ordered measurements or purchased pre-cut in standard lengths.

A clear, water-soluble emulsion produced from modified cellulose and used as an adhesive for its stability and reversibility.

A chemically inert petroleum based wax that is frequently used in conservation treatments.

Style descriptor for items created between 1933-1965.

A surface growth of fungus which may have varying color, shape, texture and configuration. It generally grow in conditions where relative humidity is 60% or greater and little air circulation. Mold growth can resulted in instability and deterioration of the support layer as well as potentially(...)

The material the frame profile is composed of, such as, wood, aluminum, acrylic, steel, etc.

A 22k gold leaf with palladium and silver alloys (91% gold, 4.5% silver and 4.5% palladium).

A support or background for a work of art that serves both aesthetic and structural purposes.

A frame shop located 434 S. Wabash Ave in Chicago. Armand Lee was a salesman for this firm, in the 1930's prior to opening up his own frame shop, Armand Lee in the early 1940's.

Anti-reflective glass that blocks up to 99% UV rays

A thin, transparent film made from polymers, also called "polyester film". Mylar photo corners are often used in conservation/archival picture framing because they cannot be easily seen, and do not require permanently affixing the artwork to a backing. Mylar is a trademark registered by Dupont(...)

A plaque placed on the center of the lower frame rail, that can be made of engraved metal, or calligraphed gold leaf on wood, that usually includes the title, artist and select dates.

A firm that produced hand-carved, gilded frames in Chicago from 1883-1979. Their building was located at 2 West Kinzie and is still standing today. They are best known for their frames from the Arts and Crafts movement between 1900-1925.

A highly acidic paper made out of wood pulp used for newspapers and as a sketch paper for students. It quickly degrades over time and is not recommended as a support for longer term artwork.

Glass with an etched surface designed to soften reflected light.

Firm that fabricated reproduction mirrors in Chicago in the 20th century.

May occur either when the two materials are in contact with each other, or by vapor transfer from one material to adjacent materials not actually in contact with it. Often evident as ghosting or haziness on the interior of glazing within a frame.

A mirror image created by transfer of media or binder to an adjacent sheet of paper, glass, board, or by chemical migration of constituents in the paper or medium, such as oil in printer's ink or lignin derived staining.

The process of applying a thin layer of gold on the surface of a solid base. Oil gilding is less labor intensive than water gilding and is the preferred method for gilding elaborate ornamental relief. Oil gilding cannot be burnished.

Acrylic glazing that provides 98% UV protection.

Acrylic, shatter resistant glazing that is anti-reflective, blocks up to 99% of UV rays, is abrasion resistant and anti-static.

A rounded convex profile.

A bright silver colored metal leaf that is resistant to tarnshing.

Popular motif used in the last 18th and early 19th century, it has the stylized appearance of a palm frond. Also referred as an anthemion.

A support made from overlapped parallel strips of reed plant stalks.

An item that has areas of gold leaf present on the surface.

A support made from one of a variety of treated animal skins. Known for its smooth, and slightly translucent surface, was often used in formal documents.

A geometric design or pattern made of pieces of wood for a decorative effect.

The endpaper that is pasted to the inside of each cover.

A low relief design that is built up and modeled in gesso.

Also called transfer leaf. Each leaf is lightly affixed to a sheet of special transfer paper. Easier to use, and more versatile, it is often used outdoors, or onto large architectural components (domes, ceilings, walls, etc).

To coat a surface to change its appearance or to give the appearance of age.

The process of either application of altering a metal amalgam on glass to create an antique like reflection, or application of a metal amalgam on a specialty glass to create a artisanal reflection.

The reappearance of an underlayer of paint, or under drying created as a result of the fading/increased translucency of the overpainting as it ages.

A trademark name for clear acrylic glazing.

Used to secure a photograph or work on paper to a mount to avoid contact with adhesive.

The negative space between frame ornamentation where the background or wall support is revealed.

Italian for hard stone, it is a technique that involves using cut and highly polished stones to create decorative inlaid patterns.

A colorant, which may be derived from a wide variety of substances, organic and inorganic, natural and artificial. The colorant is insoluble in the binder it is suspended within.

A rectangular column that projects from a two-dimension surface used for decoration rather than structural support.

Originating around 1870, plaster ornamentation was often applied at the same time as the gesso support.

The concave impression made in a paper support by a printing plate as it was run through a printing press.

A trademark name for clear acrylic glazing.

A general term for clear acrylic glazing.

A block that is placed between the sculpture and the top of a pedestal.

An architectural or decorative item that is painted in several colors.

An inert, clear plastic used for wrapping/protecting items for archival storage.

A process to finish metal where a dry powder is applied electrostatically and cured under heat. The end result is a finish similar to typical application of liquid paint, but is more durable.

A beetle that lays eggs within and feeds on wood. The larvae and pupae feed on the starch in the wood while boring channels in its wooden host. Once developed into an adult, the insect bores out of the piece, leaving an exit hole.

Action taken to maintain an object in its existing condition to minimize the rate of change, and slow down further deterioration and/or prevent damage.

The shape of a frame moulding

A record of ownership of a work of art or an antique, used as a guide to verify it's history, authenticity or quality.

Design characterized by a series of indents within the gesso prior to application of polychrome or gilding.

Composed of brass, it was often used as a DIY treatment to repair gilded frames. Over the years the brass oxidizes and turns to a dull brown, obscuring the original gold leaf beneath.

The dimensionsal bands on a leather spine.

Light source positioned on only one side of the support to create strong shadows that accentuate textures and deformations of a surface.

Mirrors can be resilvered to address damage the reflective coating beneath the glass. This damage can be considered part of the character and hence desirable on an antique mirror, and alternative options can be provided.

Popular in the late 19th century among artists such as Whistler and Degas, the design is composed of a series of narrow, parallel convex bands, or ribs that extend the length of the frame rail

The amount of water vapor held by a volume of air relative to the maximum amount which air at that temperature can hold. Expressed as a percentage of the actual water vapor held divided by the maximum water vapor which could be held at that temperature.

Action taken to modify the existing material and structure of an object in order to return it to a known earlier condition or original state.

Application of paint, decoupage or gilding on the interior side of glass which is protected by a backing board within a frame, with the exterior side remaining unchanged for viewing.

The reintroduction of a classic style or incorporation of an antique element into a new concept or design.

Ornamental relief of a ribbon twirling around a narrow stick

A design popular in Dutch frames and cabinetwork, characterize with a repeating perpendicular ridge along the length of the rail.

The amount of distance between the top edge and the flat top of a stretcher bar. The depth of a riser determines how much distance you will have between the canvas and the top face of the stretcher bar.

Composed of 100% cotton fiber ragboard used for archival supports and matting. Fade and bleed resistant. Naturally acid-free and lignin free. Available in 10 shades with sheet sizes up to 60" x 104" in select shades.

Inventor of the original welded aluminum frame.

A round, stylized rose or floral shaped design, often adorning corners of federal or Neoclassical period frames.

Popular in the late 17th to mid 18th century this profile had an acanthus leaf at the hollow of the frame.

Type of 19th century finish that is comprised of a gilded coating of sand.

Heavily adorned Italian frames from the 2nd half of the 16th century influenced by architecture at the time, characterized with fruit garlands, overlapping scrolls, pediments, etc.

A Chicago firm that was founded in 1976 that specializes in archival, custom framing services for artists, galleries, museums and clients.

Two or more sheets of Optium bonded together to create a custom oversized sheet to accommodate large works. Under typical viewing conditions, the seam is not ready evident.

Patented in 1970 as an affordable and easily assemble frame. Variations of the design are still in use today.

Tamper resistant hardware affixed to the wall and back of a frame that allows for removal with a key.

A design element made by scratching through a surface to reveal the layer of contrasting color or finish below. Oftentimes on frames, a layer of black finished is scratched to reveal a layer of gilding below.

A frame with increased depth to accommodate artwork or artifacts that have dimensional elements.

Shark or stingray skin that is used a decorative element to adorn a surface.

Developed in the 1880s, this is the most common black and white photographic medium. Images are produced with silver halides suspended in a layer of gelatin on a fiber based paper.

Leaf made of silver. It is often sealed to maintain it's natural appearance and luster, and to avoid tarnishing.

The chemical process of coating glass with a reflective substance. Oftentimes to create a mirror.

A durable PVC board that is lightweight and is often used as a substrate for mounting prints and photos to.

An archival presentation case that is stored horizontally that opens flat used for storing documents, artwork, maps, etc. Used in private collections, museums and libraries.

An insert made of plastic, wood, or mat board which holds the artwork away from the surface of the glazing.

A shaped liner designed to accommodate an oval or round piece within a rectangular pr square frame.

The part of the book cover that covers the binding of the text block.

Multiple moldings that are combined to create one frame.

(1853-1906) American architect and frame designer. Designed classical gilded frames for prominent artists such as Augustus St. Gaudens, Abbott Thayer and Thomas Wilmer Dewing.

An inner frame that is installed provide extra support to the decorative exterior frame.

A long narrow metal hanger that accommodates 2-4 screws and is attached on either side of the frame to secure hanging wire.

A stretcher is a wooden frame designed to support stretched canvas. Stretchers are designed for the insertion of keys to adjust canvas tension.

A frame profile that is a shallow "s" shape which resembles the contour of a swan.

A hinging method for attaching artwork to a mount. The top of the artwork is affixed while the bottom hangs free. Often used when the window mat engages the perimeter of the artwork.

The bottom of the book.

The inside pages or leaves of a book.

A firm that produced hand-carved, gilded frames from 1927-2016 in LaPorte, Indiana

A stain which occurs when a liquid dries, depositing dissolved material at its perimeter. A tideline is characterized by a discrete edge that is typically darker than the rest of the stain.

Tungsten Inert Gas Welding. TIG welding is mostly used for critical weld joints, welding metals other than common steel, and where precise, small welds are needed.

Closed corner welded aluminum frame. The aluminum surface can be polished, brushed, or powder coated a desired color.

A desired hardwood that is known for its characteristic striped pattern. Very popular in Colonial America for its beauty in furniture, wooden objects and frames. Also known as fiddle maple for its prevalent use in the fabrication of musical instruments through today.

Developed in the 1850s and popular into the 1890s, an early form of photography where an image is produced on a thin piece of iron that is treated with a silver halide emulsion. Tin types provided an affordable option for photography and portaiture in its time.

A round frame designed to house a round painting or mirror.

A characteristic of the texture in the surface of paper. A patterned roughness in the form of minute depressions between fibers on the surface.

A traditional organic material used for veneer and inlay on frames, decorative objects and fine furniture. Modern synthetic materials are often used in its place to recreate the aesthetic.

A single sided, anti-reflective, abrasion resistant acrylic that provides up to 99% UV protection made by Tru Vue. The acrylic was deveoped specifically for facemounting.

A large, narrow mirror that is traditionally installed between two windows. The mirror is usually installed within a narrow frame with a ornamental, or painted section at the top.

Used in the mid 19th century for textural decoration on to gessoed frame rails prior to addition of ornamental compo.

The cloth or paper edge that is folded from the outside to the inside covers.

Original translation for vernissage, it was a designated time for artists to apply their final touches and varnish to their paintings while they were installed for exhibition. Critics were invited to view the pieces at this time prior to the public opening.

A support made from one of a variety of treated animal skins. Known for its smooth, and slightly translucent surface, was often used in formal documents.

The private preview of an exhibition prior to the public opening.

French for the process of decorating and gilding the reverse side of glass.

The back or reverse of a piece

A clear acrylic case, either wall mounted, or displayed on a table fabricated to often display dimensional artifacts without the presence of a frame.

The bottom border of the mat board is wider than the top and side borders.

Closed corner float or traditional engaged frames. finishes include polished, brushed, and raw. Beaded weld can be left or ground.

Leaf made with the addition of silver and palladium alloys, which ranges from 6k-13.25k. The addition of silver and palladium influences the tonality of the leaf, creating a warm silver appearance of the gold. Due to the silver content, white gold should be sealed to avoid tarnishing.

A relief printing technique where the printing surface is carved from a block of wood. The block of wood is cut so that the wood grain runs perpendicular (cross grain) within the block.

A relief printing technique where the printing surface is carved from a block of wood. The block of wood is cut so that the wood grain runs parallel within the block.

Introduced in the mid-18th century, paper which is manufactured (either by hand or by machine) on a screen or with an even fine mesh. The paper is very smooth and consistent.

An additive in Artcare boards that absorbs pollutants in the microclimate contained within a framing package.

Plastic coated picture framing wire.